REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF MALE

                     REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF MALE

**  Like other higher mammals,Human male reproductive system comprises testis , vasa efferentia , epididymis , seminal vesicle , ejaculatory ducts , ureter , penis . prostate and bulbourethral gland( cowpers gland) are the associated reproductive gland.

**Testis:-

-It is the primary sex organ . that manufractures gametes . also secret sex hormone.

-It is descended outside the body 2-3 degree celsius (2-2.5 a/c to NCERT) temp , less than body temp. is recuired For proper spermatogenesis .It is descended during devlopment through inguinal canal of iliac fossa.

-Testis is pink ,oval str.,measuring  4 x 3 x 2.5 centimeters (cm) in size and 15-25 gm in wt.  .

-Testis is covered by tunica albuginea , defferentiated anteriorly as tunica vaginalis and posteriorly as a thick mediastinum .

 -Internally Each testis has about 250 lobules/chambers. each having 1-3 fine coiled tubules called seminiferous tubules .Whole spermatozoa(sperms) are manufactured (By spermatogenes).

-Each SFT is about 80 cm in length and nearly of 500m of SFT are present in both testis.

-  SFT is lined by germinal epithelium that cuts of spermatogonia for spermatogenesis under influence of FSHand LH.

-In the gaps of SFT like several interstitial cells/leydig cells which secret the male sex harmone, androgen(testosterone). It devlops and maintains the secandry sexual character(masculine character Viz. moustaches ,beards, coarse voice, Hairs on chest etc as well as maintains vitality in females also.) 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                        

 

-Inside the seminiferous tubules  Few large cells of serotoli are found.They give nutrition to devloping spermatozoaunder the influence of fsh. LH Or,ICSH acts on leydig cells SFT lie embeded vascular connective tissue.

                                                                       Testis is supported in scrotum through a spermatic cord under the skin of scrotum.fat layer is absent but a fat free layer tunica dortus is present. it is temp.labile and shrinks the testis upward in low temp.

** VASA EFFERENTIA**

- SFT give rise to longitudinal sperm ducts in mediustinum/rete testis from these ducts 12-20 sperm ducts emerge out . they are termed as vasa efferentia.

**EPIDIDYMIS** 

-Vasa efferentia gives rise to a horse-shoe shaped epididymis.It comprises 6m sperm ducts spermatozoa are stored up to 18 hrs in it.it is divisible in to 3 parts. which is given below.:-

A- Caput:-upper narrow part

      B-Corvus:-midder narrow part

      C-Cauda:-lower narrow part

                                      

**VASA DEFERENS:-It is a 45cm sperm duct arising from the cauda part of epididymis . and ascending is abdomen with the help of a spermatic cord .After ejaculation (rlease) remainin spermatozoa  come back to vasa Deferences.

**SEMINAL VESICLE** 

In abdomen vasa deferences ends in aseminal vesicle. which is Secretory or, glandular in function (in man). in other animals it stores seminal fluid Secretion seminal vesicle accounts for 60% of seminal fluid .it contain fructose , calcium ,citric acid ascorbic acid , inorganic phosphate , phosphokinase , electrolytes ,sorbitol etc. seminal vesicle are paired structure. 

**EJACULATORY DUCT**

-It is a 2cm paired duct arising from seminal vesicle and passing through the prostate and meets the urethra.

**URETHRA**

-It is 18-20 cm urine duct but seminal fluid (spermatozoa) also pass through it in male , hence it is also a urinogenital duct (in male). It is divisible in to 3 parts . which is given below:-

A-Prostate urethra:- inside prostate

B-Membranous urethra:-inside penis (penile urethra)

C-Ductus naviculum:-inside glans penis

open outside through an aperture called urethral meatus .

**PENIS**

-It is apendulous external genitalium in human . it is 5-7 cm in normal state and 15-20 cm in erect stage . urethra / urinogenetial duct passess through it .

                                                                Its anterior part sensitive part is called glans penis  covered by aloose flap of skin called prepuce (foreskin).  Internally skin is followed by a fibrous connective tissue  and two types of musculatures , corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum (contains urethra) paired dorsal anteries and veins as well as nerves are present.

 

**Reproductive gland**

- In human the Reproductive gland are prostate and bulbourethral glands(in several other mammal permineal and rectalglands are also present).

**Prostate gland**

-It is a single inverted pyramid like gland 3cmacross in size located down the seminal vesicle. paired ejacculatory duct and  prostate urethra passes through through it. prostate secrections are whitish, odormous , alkaline and protective as well Nutritive to spermatozoa . it contains prostate glandins (lipid). pgospholipids, spermeine,fibrolysin, fibrinogenase etc.it constitutes 20-30%part of seminal fluid.

**Bulbourethral gland (=cowper's gland)**

-Paired glands just below the prostate open in urethra .

                                                                                        secrete strong alkaline secretions that protects the spermatozoa from acidity of urine as a precoilus secretions. comparable with bartholin's gland of female.