REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF FEMALE

              **REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF FEMALE**

-Human Female Reproductive system comprises the organs like ovary,fallopian tube(oviduct),utrus, vagina, vulva, and Reproductive glands(Bartholins Gland And Mammary Gland).

  

 1-OVARY:- Ovary is the important primary sex organ which produces the egg cell (ovum) and the female sex harmone Estrogen as well as progesterone .

- Human Ovary has average size of 4cm Length ,2.5cm width , And 1.5cm height and2.8g by weight (in nulliparous or, adult virgin female).

 

 - Both the ovaries are attached on either sides of uterus through ligaments(yellow elastic fibres)

- Ovaries are covered by embryonic or, fetal membrane (epithelium) which is not serosa or, peritoneum(as in other organs areolar connective tissue layer)

-This is membrane is followed by Germinal epithelium (also called fetal or, embryonic i.e. completely developed during fetal life no div. After birth ).

-During Fetal life Ger. Epi. Cuts off (by mitosis)about 2mn (20 Lacs ) oogania (gamete mother cell or, pr.germ cell)They may also divide by mitosis to form even more oogonia

-several of them grow a little to form primary oocyte which soon gate surrounded by a layer of cells forming primary follicles ( 1-5 lacs usually 1-2 lacs).

-primary oocyte undergo arrested meiotic division(first set) for a long time.

-Most of the primary oocyte and primary follicles degenerate only 60-80 thousand survived and the follicles become two layers secondary follicles. loss of oocyte or,egg cell and follicles without ovulation is known as atresia.

-out of 60-80 thousand sec. Follicles only 400-500 get degenerated in to tertiary (3 layered follicles).

-tertiary follicles develop a cavity called antrum and the inner layer called membrane  granulosa.

-in tertiarry follicles first set of meiotic division is completed at puberty(12-14 yes+_2 yes) secondary oocyte (ovum) is formed with first polar body.

2- Graffian Follicle:- it is the mature functional tertiary follicle ready to ovulate (realising of ovum ). Only one graffian follicle is released per month b/w 14 to 16th day(in most Indian females on 14th day). After the first day of menstrual cycle due to increase in fsh and LH. theca interna secrets the estrogen that develops the  secondary sexual character of female. ( Feminine character) from puberty. after  ovulation several cells from membrana granulosa remain adhered to the ovum/egg cell/ secondary oocyte. Ootid  is not formed in Graafian follicle and the second set of meiotic division occurs in the fallopian tube only when fertilization is affected following the release of second polar body( in fallopian tube). size of Graafian follicle is around 10 mm  and thatof the ovum is about 0.1 mm in initial stage.

3- Fallopian tube:- A curved tube/duct is present between the ovary and the upper part of uterus for the movement of the gamete to bring about fertilization (in fallopian tube) and implantation in uterus it is internally lined by ciliated epithelium. fallopian tube measures about 10-12 cm. its distal end is field and overhangs the ovary and termed "Fimbriae".

 it is followed by infundibulum, An ampulla and a narrow isthums,  attached with the uterus. fertilization normally occurs in ampulla.

4- Uterus:- Isthmus of the fallopian tube joins the upper part of the uterus. It is the Pear shaped vesicle measuring 8×5×2.5cm in size in a nulliparous women (adult virgin). It extends up to 20 cm in pregnancy by 8th months.

Uterus is covered by three layers.the outer one is thin parametrium followed by middle muscular myometrium and inner vascular endometrium. Implantation of the embryo accuse over the endometrium upper part of uterus is turmed uterus fundus (pos. part).  lower part is gradually tapering as a neck  and is known as the "cervix".

5- Vagina:- Below the uterus like a tubular 8 centimetre passes called vagina. It opens outside through "vulva". (=Pudendum). In the anterior part utilisation thick membrane called hymen, with a narrow Central aperture in virgin females . It reputures in first coitus me also get reptured in cycling, horse riding,jolt/jerks,use  of tampon (rough cotton pads) or even may presist even after coitus. that's why it may not be a reliable reason for virginity.

Vulva and urethral opening are covered by minor (inner) and a major(outer) labia. At the anterior junction of the two minor labia ,lies a tiny finger like a sensitive clitoris. it is  comparable with the glans penis of the male the space under the labia is termed vestibule. The thick part above the clitoris is termed mons pubis. Below the vulva lies a wrinkled  zona called are called from it fourchette, followed by perinium above the anus.

:- Reproductive gland:- Bartholins and Mammary glands are the reproductive gland.

1- Bartholins gland:-  On either side of vagina lies the bartholin gland which secret watery alkaline fluid in order to protect the male gametes from acidity of urine.  hence comparable with bulbulurethral gland it means cowper's gland of the male.

2- Mammary gland:- mammary glands in fact area the feeding glands for the infant reproduction results the young ones which require feeding has mammary gland are associated with the reproduction system.